Congo Free State: Leopold II’s Rubber Terror, 1885-1908

Eighty-One Hands by the Fire In the mid-1890s, at a gendarmerie outpost enforcing rubber quotas deep inside the Congo Free State, the missionary William Henry Sheppard was led to a fire where, according to his own diary account, eighty-one human hands hung smoking in the heat. Sheppard, a Black American Presbyterian missionary who had spent … Read more